新建一个 输出hello world的java web项目
若你不会建,并且使用idea编辑器, 那么可以参考我的这篇文章http://blog.lunhui.ren/archives/235 建立一个简单的maven项目,使用其自动生成的pom文件 不需要修改,若你使用其他编辑器请自行google
准备两台服务器,我这里使用的两台ip分别是
192.168.0.137
192.168.0.247
请自行google安装tomcat nginx,这里假设你已经在两台机器上分别装好了 tomcat,nginx也配置好了jdk
下面先看下我安装的环境
jdk
tomcat
nginx
一般情况nginx会单独安装在一台服务器作为负载均衡服务器, 但是目前机器比较少所以我把nginx装在了192.168.0.247上面,但是实际效果是一样的
配置192.168.0.247的tomcat配置文件apache-tomcat-8.5.4/conf/server.xml 下面的是我的文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. --> <!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level. Documentation at /docs/config/server.html --> <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" /> <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" /> --> <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html --> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /> <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs--> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" /> <!-- Global JNDI resources Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html --> <GlobalNamingResources> <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users --> <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" /> </GlobalNamingResources> <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container", so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level. Documentation at /docs/config/service.html --> <Service name="Catalina"> <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools--> <!-- <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/> --> <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received and responses are returned. Documentation at : Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080 --> <Connector port="8997" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool--> <!-- <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool" port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> --> <!-- Define a SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 This connector uses the NIO implementation with the JSSE engine. When using the JSSE engine, the JSSE configuration attributes must be used. --> <!-- <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol" maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true"> <SSLHostConfig> <Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="conf/localhost-rsa.jks" type="RSA" /> </SSLHostConfig> </Connector> --> <!-- Define a SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 with HTTP/2 This connector uses the APR/native implementation. When using the APR/native implementation or the OpenSSL engine with NIO or NIO2 then the OpenSSL configuration attributes must be used. --> <!-- <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol" maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" > <UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" /> <SSLHostConfig> <Certificate certificateKeyFile="conf/localhost-rsa-key.pem" certificateFile="conf/localhost-rsa-cert.pem" certificateChainFile="conf/localhost-rsa-chain.pem" type="RSA" /> </SSLHostConfig> </Connector> --> <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 --> <Connector port="8997" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them on to the appropriate Host (virtual host). Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html --> <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie : <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1"> --> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at: /docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to) /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) --> <!-- <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/> --> <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords via a brute-force attack --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately available for use by the Realm. --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html --> <!-- <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" /> --> <!-- Access log processes all example. Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" --> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server>
配置192.168.0.137的tomcat配置文件跟247的配置文件类似,这里只贴出需要修改的几处
第69行左右
<Connector port="9797" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="2000" redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8" /> <!-- <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool" port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> -->
第105行左右
<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 --> <Connector port="9797" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
第136行左右
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" />
配置好启动两台服务器的tomcat
将hello world项目分别放在137的tomcat下的webapps目录下和247的tomcat下的webapps目录下 并修改其分别输出 hello word! 137和 hello word! 247,分别访问下两台服务器确定tomcat和项目都没问题,如下图
配置nginx负载均衡
先启动一下nginx以保证nginx是可以运行的
/etc/init.d/nginx start
执行命令 查看nginx配置文件位置,我的是在 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
locate nginx.conf
编辑这个文件vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#user www www; worker_processes 8; pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 102400; events { use epoll; worker_connections 102400; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; charset utf-8; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 4k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 300m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 60; tcp_nodelay on; client_body_buffer_size 512k; proxy_connect_timeout 5; proxy_read_timeout 60; proxy_send_timeout 5; proxy_buffer_size 16k; proxy_buffers 4 64k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; ###2012-12-19 change nginx logs log_format main '$http_x_forwarded_for - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $request_time $remote_addr'; upstream web_app { server 192.168.0.137:9797 weight=5 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; server 192.168.0.247:8997 weight=5 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; } server { listen 80; server_name localhost; index index.jsp index.html index.htm; #发布目录/data/www root /html; location / { proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://web_app; expires 3d; } } }
#注* server段 proxy_pass定义的web_app需要跟upstream 里面定义的web_app一致,否则server找不到均衡。
#如上配置,nginx+tomcat反向代理负载均衡配置完毕,如果要做动静分离,只需要在nginx添加如下配置就OK了
#配置Nginx动静分离
location ~ .*\.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$
{
root /data/www;
#expires定义用户浏览器缓存的时间为3天,如果静态页面不常更新,可以设置更长,这样可以节省带宽和缓解服务器的压力
expires 3d;
}
重启nginx 打开浏览器输入http://192.168.0.247/hello/ 不停的刷新,效果自己动手试试看吧
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